Consider a 3 cm (1 in.) Neon Tetra and a 3 cm Goldfish. In terms of waste produced and body mass, it will take about 20 Neons to equal that 1 Goldfish. Also consider a 3 cm Pink Kissing Gourami. The Pink Kisser is just a baby while the Neon is an adult already. That Kisser has a much higher metabolism and therefore will eat more and produce more waste. Also, the Kisser has much more body mass than a Neon. The cm/liter (in./gal.) rule is meant to apply to small fish at their adult size, such as Neons, Cherry Barbs, Cardinal Tetras, White Clouds, and Zebra Danios. Do NOT use this rule for any fish which is bigger than a Neon. Not even for a Platy or a Swordtail.

Now that you can see what I'm talking about, let me explain how many fish you can comfortably fit into your tank. The most important consideration is that you are doing regular water changes and have the appropriate biological filter for your tank size. Provided you are doing the appropriate maintenance and have the correct sized filter, then you will probably never have problems with water quality, regardless of how many fish you put in the tank.

The important considerations are aggression and swimming space. You should never put a fast swimming schooling fish in an aquarium smaller than 200 liters. Many hobbyists assume that they are losing fish mysteriously because the tank is "overcrowded." In reality they are just not giving the fish the appropriate swimming space. When packed into a small tank, "fin nippers" will become very territorial and create stress on your other fish. This is what is resulting in the mysterious fish loss. And it is not related to water quality.

OK, so how many fish? To be honest, there is not a limit. As long as you are putting the fish in the appropriate size aquarium, you will be content with the fish load long before you have reached the biological limits of the tank. I have kept 40 liter aquariums with 30 fish and 200 liter aquariums with 100 fish. The catch is to provide the correct maintenance and be smart about what fish you mix together. Just watch your tank. When your tank starts to look crowded then stop adding fish. There really is no "rule of thumb" for adding fish. This depends entirely on the mix of fish you choose. Good luck!